How to maintain the health of children aged 0-10 years

 Maintaining the health of children aged 0 to 10 years is one of the most important responsibilities of parenting. This stage of life includes infancy, childhood, and middle childhood, where children undergo rapid physical, mental, and cognitive development. A healthy foundation during these years sets the stage for lifelong well-being. Maintaining the health of children of this age group involves a mix of proper nutrition, hygiene, regular check-ups, vaccinations, emotional and psychological support, physical activity, and a safe environment.

1. Nutrition: The foundation of growth

Good nutrition is crucial for a child’s growth and development.

Infants (0-12 months)

Ideally, babies should be breastfed for the first 6 months of life. Breast milk provides the perfect blend of nutrients, antibodies and enzymes that protect against infections.

Example:

 A mother who exclusively breastfeeds her baby for the first six months often notices fewer illnesses such as colds or diarrhoea than formula-fed babies.

After six months, complementary foods such as pureed fruit, vegetables and cereals can be introduced while breastfeeding.

Infants and toddlers (1-5 years)

At this stage, babies need a balanced diet that contains carbohydrates, protein, healthy fats, vitamins and minerals.

Offer a variety of fruits and vegetables.

Include whole grains such as oats and brown rice.

Ensure protein intake through milk, pulses, eggs or meat.

Tips: Avoid processed foods and sugary foods, which can lead to childhood obesity and dental problems.

Example: 

A 3-year-old child who eats fruit instead of sweets has an increased interest in taste and a healthy weight.

Older children (6-10 years)

As they grow older, children become more independent in their food choices. Educating them about healthy eating is essential.

Encourage:

Eating breakfast every day.

Hydrating with water instead of sugary drinks.

Helping with meal preparation to build interest in nutrition.

2. Vaccination: Disease Prevention

Vaccination protects children from serious diseases such as measles, polio, tetanus and whooping cough.

Follow the national vaccination schedule provided by your health authority. It is very important to keep your vaccination record up to date.

Example:

 A child who receives the MMR (measles, mumps, rubella) vaccine on time is protected during an outbreak at school, while unvaccinated children may get sick.

3. Hygiene and Cleanliness Habits

Teaching children hygiene habits from an early age prevents many illnesses.

Key areas:

Hand washing: Before meals and after using the toilet.

Oral hygiene: Brushing twice daily and having regular dental checkups.

Bathing: Regular bathing with clean clothes helps prevent skin infections.

Example:

 A 7-year-old child who washes his hands properly avoids stomach bugs during flu season, while his classmates who avoid this habit often get sick.

4. Physical activity and exercise

Children need regular physical activity to strengthen bones and muscles, improve coordination, and maintain a healthy weight.

Recommendations:

Toddlers: Tummy time and supervised movement.

Toddlers: Free play such as running, climbing, dancing.

School-aged children: At least 60 minutes of active play each day.

Example: 

A 9-year-old who plays soccer every evening has better cardiovascular fitness and mental resilience than a child of the same age who spends the same amount of time watching TV.

Avoid excessive screen time (limit 1-2 hours per day) and promote outdoor activities.

5. Regular health check-ups

Even healthy children need regular medical check-ups.

Benefits:

Monitoring growth and development.

Detecting early signs of health problems.

Professional advice on nutrition, sleep, and behavior.

Include vision, hearing, and dental exams as part of routine care.

Example:

 During a routine check-up, a pediatrician notices delayed speech in a 2-year-old child and refers them for early intervention, which improves the child’s long-term communication skills.

6. Mental and Emotional Health

Children need a supportive environment to thrive mentally and emotionally.

Supportive practices:

Actively listen to their feelings.

Encourage social interaction.

Avoid harsh punishment and practice positive discipline.

Example: 

A child who is regularly emotionally supported at home feels confident and performs better socially and academically.

Recognize signs of stress or anxiety - clinginess, withdrawal, aggression, or sleep problems - and seek help if necessary.

7. Get enough sleep

Sleep is essential for physical growth and mental development.

Sleep recommendations:

Infants: 14-17 hours a day (including sleep).

Toddlers: 11-14 hours.

School-age children: 9-11 hours.

Establish a regular sleep routine and avoid screens an hour before bedtime.

Example: 

A child who goes to bed at 8:00 PM every night is refreshed and focused in class, while sleep-deprived peers may have problems with mood and attention.

8. Safe and Stimulating Environment

Children should grow up in an environment that is physically safe and intellectually stimulating.

Safety Tips:

Use child-resistant locks, cover electrical sockets, and keep sharp objects out of reach.

Use car seats and seatbelts when traveling.

Educate about “stranger dangers” and safe use of the internet.

Stimulating Environment:

Provide age-appropriate books and toys.

Encourage curiosity and problem-solving through games and storytelling.

Example: 

A child who has access to puzzles, books, and parent-led storytelling develops better language and cognitive skills than those who lack such stimulation.

9. Develop healthy habits through role modeling

Children imitate the behavior of adults. Parents should practice what they teach.

Eat healthy meals together.

Demonstrate good hygiene.

Deal with stress calmly.

Example:

 A parent who reads books in the evening inspires their child to develop a love of reading, which contributes to both bonding and intellectual development.

10. Responding to Illness Appropriately

Prompt attention to symptoms can prevent minor problems from becoming serious.

Know the common signs of childhood illness (fever, rash, vomiting).

Don't self-medicate—consult a pediatrician if unsure.

Keep your child hydrated and rested during illness.

In Summary

A holistic approach is needed to maintain the health of children aged 0-10 years that combines physical care, emotional support, mental stimulation and environmental protection. Parents and caregivers play a central role by instilling good habits, ensuring preventive healthcare and proactively responding to the child’s needs.

By investing time and love in these formative years, we empower children to grow into healthy, happy and capable individuals.

Disclaimer: This information is intended for general knowledge and information purposes only, and does not constitute medical advice. Always consult a qualified healthcare professional for any health concerns.

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"EVERYONE STAY HEALTHY AND AT PEACE"

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A.R.Mazumdar (-preventive health consultant)